The Nobel Prize in Physics 2006 was awarded jointly to John C. Mather and George F. Smoot "for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation"
Mather and Smoot will split a 10M Swedish Kroner (~$1.4M) prize. The Nobel Prize Committee cited the physicists for their work on the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) project.