Enzymes originally evolved in high-temperature environments and later adapted to lower temperatures as Earth cooled. Scientists discovered that a key shift in enzyme function occurred over ...

Evolution is the basis of biological diversity, driven by mechanisms that allow organisms to adapt and survive. One such ...

The history of the Earth has been one of physical extremes—extreme atmospheric conditions, extreme chemical environments, and extreme temperatures. There was a time when the Earth was so hot all the ...

In most narratives, the story of evolution is the story of organisms emerging from the ocean and eventually populating the ...

While most organisms have biological clocks synchronized with the day-night cycle (circadian rhythms), marine animals in tidal areas have also developed circatidal rhythms to align with the tidal ...

For a long time, evolutionary biologists have thought that the genetic mutations that drive the evolution of genes and ...

Microbes are present in most environments on Earth, from the depths of the ocean to the air we breathe, and even live inside other organisms where they play an important biological role. They are ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Mitochondria are the key organelles involved in energy and redox homeostasis, cellular signaling, and survival. Animal mitochondria are ...

Living in the desert is a challenge. But the Mojave desert woodrat has an ace to play: it can eat poison. This allows the cute little rodent to survive and thrive by feeding on toxic creosote bushes.

Antarctic marine worms survive with a little help from their bacterial friends. Close relatives of earthworms, polychaetes are some of the most common animals on the ocean floor, but how these species ...

“The thing that hath been, it is that which shall be, and that which is done is that which shall be done; and there is no new thing under the sun.” The quote above is from Ecclesiastes and simply ...

The multifarious relationships between ants and their associated organisms form one of the most intricate ecological networks in terrestrial ecosystems. Ants are not only formidable social insects and ...