The net of a 3D shape is what a shape looks like when opened into a 2D shape. The net can help to show the areas of each face that make up the surface area of a shape. The same units are needed for ...

Stylus-based surface profiling is a standard technique for accurate, repeatable surface shape, topography and step height measurement in applications ranging from semiconductor R&D to solar cell QC.

Optical profilers that employ white light interferometry are one of the most accurate and flexible metrology tools for precision three-dimensional surface characterization. They are instrumental in an ...

There are only a handful of scanning techniques that can provide surface topography at nanometre resolution. At the same time, there are no methods that are capable of non-invasive imaging of the ...