Current calibration methods rely on artificially constructed DNA structures or specific cellular features, each with significant drawbacks. DNA-based rulers require complex chemical synthesis and only ...

Image a shows the known structure of the bacteriophage T4 virus. Image b shows the recorded hologram. Image c and d are reconstructions that show the contrast from amplitude and phase respectively.

Electron microscopy is a powerful imaging technique that utilizes a beam of accelerated electrons to visualize and analyze the structure, composition, and properties of materials at the nanoscale.

There are a lot of situations where a research group may turn to an electron microscope to get information about whatever system they might be studying. Assessing the structure of a virus or protein, ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract This paper examines the vital role played by electron microscopy toward the modern definition of viruses, as formulated in the late 1950s.