Learn how to unlock an iPhone without a passcode before you're stuck. You never know when these methods will come in handy.
If your laptop cannot find the operating system, it usually displays a message such as No bootable device found or Insert boot media. This indicates a failure of the storage device (HDD or SSD) itself ...
Avoid usage of the iPhone at any cost. Avoid taking new photos or downloading large files, since new data can overwrite deleted items. Open Messages and check Trash. Recover anything you find there.